Virtually every student, at some point or another, needs both support and incentives to do well in school. Students who struggle with poverty, minority status, or language or learning barriers are likely to need more support than others. Schools can help students succeed by identifying at risk students early and by responding with the extra academic and social supports students need to stay on the path to graduation. In addition to extra help to close academic skill gaps, supports may include ensuring that students’ most basic needs, such as safety, food, clothing, shelter, and good health are met, and personalizing learning to engage students and motivate them to try harder. The strategies described in our Student Supports & Incentives section can move schools closer to these goals. Although the toolkit does not yet cover counseling services, the senior seminar, after hour programs, summer school programs, and adult tutoring—these supports can also be valuable to improving student learning and other outcomes.